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Communication

The resources collected here are intended to help you 1) select a topic for public speaking, 2) address and mitigate the anxiety of public speaking, and 3) effectively deliver a speech. Explore the tabs on the left to get started!

PreSearch (Getting Started)

Verbal communication is the use of spoken words to communicate our message through thoughts, ideas, and emotions.

Examples of Verbal Communication:

  • Face-to-face conversations
  • Speech
  • Host on a Radio 
  • Interviews

Nonverbal communication is the use of silent communication ("body language") including kinesics, haptics, silence, paralanguage, chronemics, proxemics, and personal appearance.

Examples of Nonverbal Communication:

  • Waving (an indication of "hello" or "goodbye" in some cultures)
  • Head nod (an indication of agreement)
  • Finger tapping (impatient or tired of waiting)
  • Arms crossed over chest (a gesture indicating defensiveness or stress)
  • Making eye contact (an indication you're paying attention)
  • Handshakes
  • Hugs
  • Smile
  • Eye roll
  • Sign languages

Visual communication is the use of images or videos to communicate your message visually. This is helpful in ensuring faster communication, engaging audiences, presenting data or information, helpful in retaining information and the development of creativity and imagination in people.

Examples of Visual Communication: 

  • Infographics
  • Videos
  • Charts
  • Illustrations
  • Photography

Written communication is the use of written words to convey your message. Written communications are exchanges of information that involve written messages, either digitally or on paper, and are beneficial because they do not require direct communication and provide proof of an exchange in the event of an incident.

Examples of Written Communication: 

  • Letters
  • Texts
  • Emails
  • Books

Group communication is the interaction between members of a small group of individuals. A few examples of group communication are:

  • Families
  • Friends
  • Work teams
  • Sports teams

Interpersonal communication is the process by which people express feelings, emotions, and information through verbal and nonverbal messages. A few examples of interpersonal communication are:

  • Face-to-face conversations
  • Phone conversations
  • Sign language
  • Body language

Intercultural communication occurs between individuals of different linguistic, cultural origins, or social groups. A few examples of intercultural communication are:

  • Interracial communication - communication between people of different ethnic backgrounds (ex. a conversation between an American politician and a Japanese diplomat)
  • Intracultural communication - communication between people of the same social group and with similar cultural characteristics (ex. an interaction between two American Midwest farmers)
  • Interethnic communication - communication between representatives of different ethnic communities living in the same society for an extended period of time (ex. a conversation between an African American woman and an Asian American man)
Informative Speech

In an informative speech, the presenter will share information about a particular person, place, object, process, concept, or issue by defining, describing, or explaining. 

The main types of informative speeches are:

  • definition
  • explanatory
  • descriptive
  • demonstrative
Persuasive Speech

In a persuasive speech, the presenter will attempt to reinforce or change their audiences’ beliefs, attitudes, feelings, or values on a specific topic or idea.

Some examples of persuasive speeches could be:

  • Sales Pitch
  • Propositions of Fact
  • Propositions of Value
  • Propositions of Policy
Entertaining / Commemorative Speech
These types of speeches often strengthen the bonds between audience members from recalling a shared experience or intend to amuse audiences through humor, stories, or illustrations.
Examples of commemorative speeches:
  • the eulogy
  • nominations
  • dedications
  • testimonials
  • the wedding toast
  • award acceptance speech

The first step on the speechwriting process is to figure out your topic - watch these videos to get ideas for your research strategy, then use the databases and books below as a jumping-off point.

NOTE: Encyclopedias and Wikipedia are not generally considered college-level research material.  This means you should not rely on them as sources for your projects/papers.  They are excellent, though, for narrowing your topic down and for finding keywords and concepts for further investigation.

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