APA 7th Edition

Newspaper Template

Author, A. A. (year, month day). Title of article. Title of Newspaper, pp. A1, A2.*

*for one page use p. A1; for two or more pages use p.p. A1, A2, A3.

Example:

Stovee, V. (2022, January 26). Automobile death rate in U.S. sees largest one-year drop ever. The Union Tribune. B1.

Tips:

• Provide at minimum the title of the newspaper in italic title case.
• If the newspaper article is from an online newspaper that has a permanent URL, include the URL of the article at the end of the reference.
• If the newspaper article is from a database, provide the title of the newspaper and any volume, issue, and/or page numbers that are available for the article. Do not include database information in the reference.
• If the article is from a news website (e.g., CNN, HuffPost)—use the format for a webpage on a news website instead.

More examples available at https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/references/examples/newspaper-article-references

Magazine Template

Author, A. A. (year, month day). Title of article. Title of Magazine, issue, pages.

Example:

Lipton, D. (2021, December 15). It’s geeks versus writers: online and everywhere. Newsweek, 135(14), 27.

Tips:

• If a magazine article has a DOI, include the DOI in the reference.
• If the magazine article does not have a DOI and is from an academic research database, end the reference after the page range. Do not include database information in the reference. The reference in this case is the same as for a print magazine article.
• If the magazine article does not have a DOI but does have a URL that will resolve for readers, include the URL of the article at the end of the reference.
• If the magazine article does not have volume, issue, and/or page numbers (e.g., because it is from an online magazine), omit the missing elements from the reference.

More examples at https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/references/examples/magazine-article-references

Book Template

Author, A. A. (Copyright year). Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle. Publisher.

Example:

Sprague, T. M. (2013). Beehive: The biology of bees. Penguin Books.

Tips:

• Provide the author, year of publication, title, and publisher of the book. Use the same format for both print books and ebooks.
• Use the copyright date shown on the book’s copyright page as the year of publication in the reference, even if the copyright date is different than the release date.
• Include any edition information in parentheses after the title, without italics.
• Do not include the publisher location.

More examples at https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/references/examples/book-references

eBook Template

Author, A. A. (Copyright year). Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle. Publisher. https://www.example.com

Example:

Swan, S., & Leber, L. (2020). The big picture/Academic writing: The one-hour guide (3rd digital ed.). Forlag Publications.

https://www.example.com

Tips:

• Provide the author, year of publication, title, and publisher of the book. Use the same format for both print books and ebooks.
• Use the copyright date shown on the book’s copyright page as the year of publication in the reference, even if the copyright date is different than the release date.
• Include any edition information in parentheses after the title, without italics.If the book includes a DOI, include the DOI in the reference after the publisher name.Do not include the publisher location.
• If the ebook without a DOI has a stable URL that will resolve for readers, include the URL of the book in the reference.

More examples at https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/references/examples/book-references

Government Document Example

National Cancer Institute. (2019). Taking time: Support for people with cancer (NIH Publication No. 18-2059). U.S. Department of

Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health. https://www.cancer.gov/publications/patient-education/takingtime.pdf

The specific agency responsible for the report appears as the author. The names of parent agencies not present in the group author name appear in the source element as the publisher.

See also:

Report with Individual Authors References

Fact Sheet References

Brochure References

Grey Literature Example

Cedars-Sinai. (2015). Human papillomavirus (HPV) and oropharyngeal cancer [Brochure]. https://www.cedars-

sinai.org/content/dam/cedars-sinai/cancer/sub-clinical-areas/head-neck/documents/hpv-throat-cancer-brochure.pdf

Tips:

• Brochures, pamphlets, or flyers follow the same format as report references.
• This brochure has an organizational author rather than individual authors.
• Include the description “[Brochure]” in square brackets after the title of the brochure.

See also:

Press Release References

White Paper References

Group Author Webpage Example

World Health Organization. (2021, May 18). The top 10 causes of death. https://www.example.com

Individual Author Webpage Example

Henke, B. (2019, October 21). Are you ready to move into your home? Real Estate Today. https://www.example.com

Tips:

• When individual author(s) are credited on the webpage, list them as the author in the reference.
• Provide as specific a date as possible for the webpage.
• Some online works note when the work was last updated. If this date is clearly attributable to the specific content you are citing rather than the overall website, use the updated date in the reference.
• Do not include a date of last review in a reference because content that has been reviewed has not necessarily been changed. If a date of last review is noted on a work, ignore it for the purposes of the reference.
• Italicize the title of the webpage.
• Provide the site name in the source element of the reference.
• End the reference with the URL.

See more examples https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/references/examples/webpage-website-references

Film or Movie Example

Fleming, V. (Director). (1939). Gone with the wind [Film]. Selznick International Pictures; Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.

Tips:

• Provide the director in the author element of the reference, followed by the notation “(Director).”
• Provide the production company or companies in the source element of the reference. Separate multiple production companies with a semicolon.

Television Example

Serling, R. (Executive Producer). (1959–1964). The twilight zone [TV series]. Cayuga Productions; CBS Productions.

Tips:

• Provide the executive producer(s) in the author element of the reference.
• When there is one executive producer, use the notation “(Executive Producer).” When there are multiple executive producers, provide the notation once after all the producers’ names, the same as you would the notation “(Eds.)” for an edited book: “(Executive Producers).”
• Provide the year(s) during which the series aired in the date element of the reference.
• If the series is still airing at the time you are writing the paper, replace the second year with “present”: (2017–present).
• Provide the production company or companies in the source element of the reference. Separate multiple production companies with a semicolon.

For more examples got to https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/references/examples/film-television-references

Online Course Example

Jacks, T., Brown, K., & Shoman, Y. (n.d.). Game theory [MOOC]. Coursera. https://www.coursera.org/learn/game-theory-1

Online courses, including MOOCs, can be cited by providing the instructors, year of course creation (if known), title of the course, site that hosts the course, and URL.  For more information go to https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/references/examples/online-course-references

PowerPoint Example

Stone, J. (2016, March 23). Guided reading: Making the most of it [PowerPoint slides]. SlideShare. https://www.slideshare.net/example

Tips:

• When the slides are available online to anyone, provide the site name on which they are hosted in the source element of the reference, followed by the URL of the slides.
• If the slides come from a classroom website, learning management system (e.g., Canvas, Blackboard, Moodle, Sakai), or company intranet , provide the name of the site and its URL.
• If the audience for which are you writing does not have access to the slides, cite them as a personal communication.

Podcast Example

Seal, C. (Host). (2017–present). Life with Crystal Seal [Audio podcast]. Starship Audio.

Tips:

• List the host of the podcast as the author.
• Provide the span of years during which the podcast aired in the date element of the reference.
• For a podcast that is still on the air, provide the year the podcast started airing and use the word “present” in place of the second year, for example: (2020−present).For a podcast that has ended and aired for multiple years, provide the start and end years, separated with an en dash, for example: (2017−2020).
• Specify the type of podcast in square brackets, for example: [Audio podcast], [Video podcast].
• In general, end the reference with the URL.

For more information: https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/references/examples/podcast-references

Radio Example

Mott, L. (2022, November 8). Hazard reduction burning is not a panacea to bushfire risk: Expert [Radio broadcast]. ABC.

https://www.abc-radio-example.com

Tips:

• The format for a radio broadcast is nearly the same as for a radio broadcast transcript. The only difference is that the description after the transcript title is “[Radio broadcast]” rather than “[Radio broadcast transcript].
• Provide the name of the announcer as the author.
• Provide the full date of the radio broadcast.
• Provide the title of the story in italics, followed by the description “[Radio broadcast].
• Provide the name of the site that published the radio broadcast (in the example, ABC) and the URL of the broadcast.

For more AuidioVisual Examples: https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/references/examples#audiovisual-media

Facebook Example

News From Science. (2022, July 21). Are you a fan of stars? Enjoy reading about what scientists have discovered in our solar system—and

beyond? This [Image attached] [Status update]. Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/example

Tips:

• Use the name associated with the account as the name in the reference.
• Provide the specific date of the post.
• Provide the first 20 words of the post as the title. Count a URL or other link, a hashtag, or an emoji as one word each, and include them in the reference if they fall within the first 20 words. Do not italicize emojis.
• If a post includes images, videos, thumbnail links to outside sources, or content from another post (such as when sharing a link), indicate that in square brackets.
• Describe the post type (e.g., “[Status update],” “[Video]”) in square brackets after any description of attached content.
• Credit Facebook as the site name in the source element and then provide the URL of the post.

For more examples:  https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/references/examples/facebook-references

Twitter Example

CDC [@CDCgov]. (2023, May 8). Thalassemia, an inherited blood disorder, can make a person feel weak or tired from anemia (low red blood cell

count). Regular blood transfusions can help manage the condition. [Image attached] [Tweet]. Twitter.

https://twitter.com/CDCgov/status/1655638720446382080?cxt=HHwWgIC2iZ6pgfotAAAA

Tips:

• Present the name of the individual or group author the same as you would for any other reference. Then provide the Twitter handle (beginning with the @ sign) in square brackets, followed by a period.
• In the case of a group identified by an abbreviation (as with the CDC example), use the group name as shown on the work, to aid in retrieval.
• Provide the specific date of the post.
• Provide the first 20 words of the tweet as the title, in italics. Count a URL, a hashtag, or an emoji as one word each, and include them in the reference if they fall within the first 20 words. Do not italicize emojis.
• If the tweet includes an image, a video, a poll, or a thumbnail image with a link, indicate that in brackets after the title: [Image attached], [Video attached], [Thumbnail with link attached].
• Include the description “[Tweet]” in square brackets after the title.
• Credit Twitter as the site name in the source element and then provide the URL of the tweet.
• The format used for Twitter is also used for Instagram and TikTok.

For more examples: https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/references/examples/twitter-references 

YouTube Example

Monsters University. (2019, August 26). Soft robotic gripper for starfish [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=example

Tips:

• Use the name of the account that uploaded the video as the author.
• Provide the specific date on which the video was uploaded.
• Italicize the title of the video.Include the description “[Video]” in square brackets after the title.
• Provide the site name (YouTube) and URL of the video.

For more information and examples:  https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/references/examples/youtube-references