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TRICKY SPOT:
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THE FIX:
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Hanging Indent
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The second and subsequent line of each citation is indented .5” (Google “hanging indent MLA” if you need tips)
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One Author?
2 Authors?
3 (or more) Authors?
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LastName, FirstName. → Dubner, Stephen.
LastName, FirstName, and FirstName LastName. → Dubner, Stephen and Steven Levitt.
LastName, FirstName, et al. → Dubner, Stephen, et al.
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Page or Paragraph numbers
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Include the page number(s) if you know them (p. for one page, pp. for a range of pages) and leave blank if you don’t know the pages.
If a source does not include page numbers, you may include paragraph numbers (par. for one paragraph, pars. for a range of paragraphs) instead if they are included. However, they should not be applied if they are not explicitly included in the source.
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Dates
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Usually follow a [Day Mo Year] pattern, with months abbreviated. (Do not abbreviate May, June, or July)
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Formatting: MLA is very specific and detail oriented!
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Major Title Words are Capitalized
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no underlining ever
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“quotes”: go around book chapters, article titles, and webpage names
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Italics: are used on book, magazine, newspaper, and journal titles as well as database names
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Publishers: shorten and abbreviate. Omit words like Company/Co, Corporation/Corp, Limited/Ltd, University, Press, etc.
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University of Chicago Press → U of Chicago P
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Cambridge University Press → Cambridge UP
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Houghton Mifflin Co. → Houghton
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URLS (links)/Permalinks/DOI#s
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Include a link (URL, permalink, or DOI) for all database articles and internet sources. Omit the “http://” or “https://” on any URL.
If your source includes a permalink (i.e., a permanent or persistent URL), use it instead of the URL that appears on the address line of the browser.
Some sources may include a DOI (Digital Object Identifier), which is a type of permalink, and should be used if available.
Example → 10.17719/jisr.2018.2525
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FAIRFIELD CAMPUS