Include as much information as you can in your citation to help your reader “see” your source: more is better than less!
TRICKY SPOT: |
THE FIX: |
Hanging Indent |
The second and subsequent line of each citation is indented .5” (Google “hanging indent MLA” if you need tips)
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One Author? 2 Authors? 3 (or more) Authors? |
LastName, FirstName. → Dubner, Stephen. LastName, FirstName, and FirstName LastName. → Dubner, Stephen and Steven Levitt. LastName, FirstName, et al. → Dubner, Stephen, et al. |
Page or Paragraph numbers |
Include the page number(s) if you know them (p. for one page, pp. for a range of pages) and leave blank if you don’t know the pages. If a source does not include page numbers, you may include paragraph numbers (par. for one paragraph, pars. for a range of paragraphs) instead if they are included. However, they should not be applied if they are not explicitly included in the source. |
Dates |
Usually follow a [Day Mo Year] pattern, with months abbreviated. (Do not abbreviate May, June, or July)
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Formatting: MLA is very specific and detail oriented! |
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Publishers: shorten and abbreviate. Omit words like Company/Co, Corporation/Corp, Limited/Ltd, University, Press, etc. |
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URLS (links)/Permalinks/DOI#s
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Include a link (URL, permalink, or DOI) for all database articles and internet sources. Omit the “http://” or “https://” on any URL. If your source includes a permalink (i.e., a permanent or persistent URL), use it instead of the URL that appears on the address line of the browser. Some sources may include a DOI (Digital Object Identifier), which is a type of permalink, and should be used if available. Example → 10.17719/jisr.2018.2525 |